Status of Terminal Chronic Renal Insufficiency in the city of Marcos Paz, Buenos Aires province, as the basis for a proposal for early detection of chronic kidney disease
Abstract
Until recently, the municipality of Marcos Paz (province of Buenos Aires) was faced with a high incidence of end stage renal disease. Most of these patients reached this state without; a definitive vascular access, a hepatitis B vaccination, appropriate control for anemia or renal bone disease and poor nutritional state.
Based on study and its results, I suggest implementing a program for early detection of chronic kidney disease. The patients would need to be classified according to the stage of advancement of the disease based on the Nacional Kidney Foundation scale. The scale is derived from a formula that estima tes glomerular filtration rate based on the measurement of serie creatinine. The management of the patients and the referral to a nephrologist would be deterrnined by the clinical practice guideline chosen.
References
Collins AJ, Kasiske B, Herzog Ch, Chavers B, Foley R, Gilbertson D. United States Renal Data System 2006 Annual Data Report Abstract. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;49(Suppl. 1): A6–A7.
Organización Nacional de Trasplantes; Sociedad Española de Nefrología. El tratamiento renal sustitutivo en España. Informe de Diálisis y Trasplante en España [Internet]. Madrid: ONT, SEN, 2006. Disponible en: https://www.senefro.org/ (Consulta: 20/06/2008).
Renal Association. UK Renal Registry. The Sixth Annual Report, December 2003 [Internet]. Disponible en: https://www.renalreg.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/Report2003.pdf (Consulta: 20/06/2008).
Lysaght MJ. Maintenance dialysis population dynamics: current trends and long-term implications. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002;13(Suppl 1):S37-40.
González G, Solá L, Schwedt E, Ferreiro A, Mazzuchi N. Registro Uruguayo de Diálisis. Informe año 2004 [Internet]. Disponible en: http://nefrouruguay.org.uy/registro-de-dialisis/ (Consulta: 20/06/2008).
Marinovich S, Lavorato C, Celia E, Araujo JL, et al. Registro de pacientes en diálisis crónica en Argentina 2004-2005. Nefrol Argent. 2008; 6(1 supl.):9-64.
United States Renal Data System. Annual Data Report. Incidence and prevalence of ESRD (2003). Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(Suppl. 5):S37-S173.
King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(9):1414-31.
Coresh J, Astor BC, Greene T, Eknoyan G, Levey AS. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and decreased kidney function in the adult US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41(1):1-12.
National Kidney Foundation. K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for chronic kidney disease: evaluation, classification, and stratification. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39:2(Suppl. 1):S1-266.
Otero A, de Francisco A, Gayoso P, García F. EPIRCE Study Group. Prevalence of chronic renal disease in Spain: results of the EPIRCE study. Nefrologia 2010;30(1):78-86.
Presentación de resultados preliminares del Estudio EPIRCE (Epidemiología de la Insuficiencia Renal Crónica en España) [Ponencia]. V Congreso Iberoamericano de Nefrología (Madrid: 18-21 oct. 2006).
Hallan SI, Dahl K, Oien CM, Grootendorst DC, Aasberg A, Holmen J, et al. Screening strategies for chronic kidney disease in the general population: follow-up of cross sectional health survey. BMJ. 2006;333(7577):1047.
Rodrigo MP, Andrés MR. Detección de insuficiencia renal oculta en consulta de atención primaria mediante la aplicación de la ecuación MDRD-abreviada: análisis de 1.000 pacientes. Nefrologia. 2006;26(3):339-43.
De Francisco ALM, De la Cruz JJ, Cases A, de la Figuera M, Egocheaga MI, Górriz JI, et al. Prevalencia de insuficiencia renal en Centros de Atención Primaria en España: Estudio EROCAP. Nefrologia. 2007;27(3):300-12.
Khan SS, Kazmi WH, Abichandani R, Tighiouart H, Pereira BJ, Kausz AT. Health care utilization among patients with chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2002;62(1):229-36.
Smith DH, Gullion CM, Nichols G, Keith DS, Brown JB. Cost of medical care for chronic kidney disease and comorbidity among enrollees in a large HMO population. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15(5):1300-6.
US Renal Data System, USRDS 2002 Annual Data Report: Atlas of End-Stage Renal Disease in the United States [Internet]. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2002. Disponible en: https://www.usrds.org/atlas02.aspx (Consulta: 20/06/2008).
Cusumano AM, Inserra F. Enfermedad renal crónica. Necesidad de implementar programas para su detección precoz y prevención de su progresión. Rev Nefrol Dial Traspl. 2007;27(3):113-8.
St Peter WL, Schoolwerth AC, McGowan T, McClellan WM. Chronic kidney disease: issues and establishing programs and clinics for improved patient outcomes. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;41(5):903-24.
Pereira BJ. Overcoming barriers to the early detection and treatment of chronic kidney disease and improving outcomes for end-stage renal disease. Am J Manag Care. 2002;8(4 Suppl):S122-39.
Trivedi HS, Pang MM, Campbell A, Saab P. Slowing the progression of chronic renal failure: economic benefits and patients' perspectives. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(4):721-9.
Thorp ML, Eastman L, Smith DH, Johnson ES. Managing the burden of chronic kidney disease. Dis Manag. 2006;9(2):115-21.
Chen RA, Scott S, Mattern WD, Mohini R, Nissenson AR. The case for disease management in chronic kidney disease. Dis Manag. 2006;9(2):86-92.
Astor BC, Eustace JA, Powe NR, Klag MJ, Sadler JH, Fink NE, et al. Timing of nephrologist referral and arteriovenous access use: the CHOICE Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;38(3):494-501.
Kessler M, Frimat L, Panescu V, Briançon S. Impact of nephrology referral on early and midterm outcomes in ESRD: EPidémiologie de l'Insuffisance REnale chronique terminale en Lorraine (EPIREL): results of a 2-year, prospective, community-based study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(3):474-85.
Roubicek C, Brunet P, Huiart L, Thirion X, Leonetti F, Dussol B, et al. Timing of nephrology referral: influence on mortality and morbidity. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;36(1):35-41.
McLaughlin K, Manns B, Culleton B, Donaldson C, Taub K. An economic evaluation of early versus late referral of patients with progressive renal insufficiency. Am J Kidney Dis. 2001;38(5):1122-8.
Locatelli F, Vecchio LD, Pozzoni P. The importance of early detection of chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17(Suppl 11):2-7.
Brandenburg V, Floege J. [Early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. New insights into creatinine and proteinuria]. Med Klin (Munich). 2006;101(Suppl 1):158-62.
Cameron JS. The discovery of diabetic nephropathy: from small print to centre stage. J Nephrol. 2006;19(Suppl 10):S75-87.
Cusumano A, García GG, Di Gioia C, Hermida O, Lavorato C; Latin American Registry of Dialysis and Transplantation. The Latin American Dialysis and Transplantation Registry (RLDT) annual report 2004. Ethn Dis. 2006;16(2 Suppl 2):S2-10-3.
Cusumano A, Garcia-Garcia G, Di Gioia C, Hermida O, Lavorato C, Carreño CA, et al. End-stage renal disease and its treatment in Latin America in the twenty-first century. Ren Fail. 2006;28(8):631-7.
Levey AS, Bosch JP, Lewis JB, Greene T, Rogers N, Roth D. A more accurate method to estimate glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine: a new prediction equation. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group. Ann Intern Med. 1999;130(6):461-70.
Boulware LE, Troll MU, Jaar BG, Myers DI, Powe NR. Identification and referral of patients with progressive CKD: a national study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;48(2):192-204.
Levey AS, Coresh J, Greene T, Stevens LA, Zhang YL, Hendriksen S, et al. Using standardized serum creatinine values in the modification of diet in renal disease study equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2006;145(4):247-54.
The AGREE Collaboration, Cluzeau FA, Burgers JS, Brouwers M, Grol R, Mäkelä M, et al. Development and validation of an international appraisal instrument for assessing the quality of clinical practice guidelines: the AGREE project. Qual Saf Health Care. 2003;12(1):18-23.
Paz J. Manual de Bioestadística. Buenos Aires: CEMIC, 2002.
Brown WW, Peters RM, Ohmit SE, Keane WF, Collins A, Chen SC, et al. Early detection of kidney disease in community settings: the Kidney Early Evaluation Program (KEEP). Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(1):22-35.
Depine S. Una estrategia de intervención sustentable y sostenible en la seguridad social de Argentina. Rev CADRA. 2004;5(29):37-41.
